🚦 AMATEGEKO Y’UMUHANDA
Ibibazo 61–80 — Itegeko n’Amabwiriza by’Umuhanda
Subiza ibibazo byose maze ugenzure ibisubizo byawe.
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Iyo imizigo igizwe n’ibinyampeke, ikawa, ipamba idatonoye, ibishara, ibyatsi, ibishami cyangwa ubwatsi bw’amatungo bidahambiriye uretse amapaki afunze, ubugari bwayo bushobora kugera ku bipimo bikurikira:
💡 Igisubizo: B — m 2.75. Imizigo y’ibinyampeke, ikawa, ipamba, ibishara n’ibindi bidahambiriye itarengeje amapaki afunze ishobora kugera kuri metero 2.75 z’ubugari.
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Uretse mu mijyi kuyindi mihanda yagenywe na minisiteri ushinzwe gutwara ibintu n’abantu, uburemere ntarengwa bwemewe ku binyabiziga bifatanye bifite imitambiko itatu ni:
💡 Igisubizo: C — Toni 12. Ku yindi mihanda uretse mu mijyi, ibinyabiziga bifatanye bifite imitambiko itatu ntibushobora kurenga toni 12 z’uburemere bwemewe.
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Buri modoka cyangwa buri romoruki ikuruwe n’iyo modoka bishobora kugira itara rituma umuyobozi yerekana ko yabonye ikimenyetso cy’uwitegura kumunyuraho. Iryo tara rifite amabara akurikira:
💡 Igisubizo: B — Icyatsi kibisi. Itara ry’icyatsi kibisi (vert) ni ryo rikoresha umuyobozi kwerekana ko yabonye ikimenyetso cy’uwitegura kumunyuraho — irerekana ko yumvise kandi yiteguye.
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Ikinyabiziga cyangwa ibinyabiziga bikururana bifite imitambiko ibiri ikurikiranye mu bugari bwayo ni ukuvuga imitambiko yihindukiza kucyo ifungiyeho, uburebure bwabyo ntibugomba kurenza ibipimo bikurikira:
💡 Igisubizo: C — m 7. Ibinyabiziga bifite imitambiko ibiri ikurikiranye mu bugari bwayo (semi-articulated / sidecar type) ntibushobora kurenga metero 7 z’uburebure bwose hamwe.
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Bumwe muri ubu bwoko bwa feri ituma imodoka iguma aho iri uko yaba yikoreye kose ku muzamuko cyangwa ku gacuri bya 16%, imyanya ya feri igomba gufata igakomeza kwegera kuburyo bw’ibyuma niyo umuyobozi yaba atarimo:
💡 Igisubizo: A — Feri yo guhagarara umwanya munini (parking brake). Feri yo guhagarara umwanya munini ni yo iguma imodoka aho iri ku gacuri bya 16% n’irenga, n’igihe umuyobozi atarimwo — imyanya yayo igumana ifata ibyuma.
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Utugarurarumuri turi mu mbavu z’ikinyabiziga tugomba kugira ibara rikurikira:
💡 Igisubizo: B — Umuhondo. Utugarurarumuri tw’impande (side reflectors) tugomba kugira ibara ry’umuhondo (amber) kugirango bugaragare neza ku banyuramo mu muhanda.
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Romoruki zifite ubugari ntarengwa bwa cm 80 zishobora gushyirwaho akagarurarumuri kamwe gusa iyo zikuruwe n’ibinyabiziga bikurikira:
💡 Igisubizo: B — Ipikipiki idafite akanyabiziga ku ruhande. Romoruki zifite ubugari bwa cm 80 zishobora kugira akagarurarumuri kamwe gusa iyo zikuruwe n’ipikipiki idafite sidecar — kuko ipikipiki ifite sidecar ikunze kugaragaza neza kuruta.
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Amatara maremare y’ibara ryera cyangwa ry’umuhondo agomba, nijoro igihe ijuru rikeye, kumurika mu muhanda mu ntera ya m 100 nibura imbere y’ikinyabiziga, ariko ku binyabiziga bifite moteri itarengeje za sentimetero kibe 125 iyo ntera igira ibipimo bikurikira:
💡 Igisubizo: D — Nta gisubizo cy’ukuri kirimo. Nta kimwe mu bisubizo bivugwa ni cyo gisobanuro nyakuri cy’intera y’amatara ku binyabiziga bifite moteri itarengeje cc 125.
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Iyo banyuze iruhande rw’inkomyi abanyamaguru bagomba gukikira banyuze mu muhanda, abayobozi bagomba gusiga umwanya ufite ubugari bwa m 1 nibura hagati yabo nayo. Iyo ibyo bidashobora kubahirizwa kandi umunyamaguru akaba anyura hafi yiyo nkomyi, umuyobozi agomba kuyikikira afite umuvuduko utarengeje ibipimo bikurikira:
💡 Igisubizo: D — Nta gisubizo cy’ukuri kirimo. Nta kimwe mu bisubizo bivugwa ni cyo gisobanuro nyakuri cy’umuvuduko ugomba gukoreshwa iyo umuyobozi ayikikira inkomyi hafi y’abanyamaguru.
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Guhagarara akanya gato no guhagarara akanya kanini bibujijwe cyane cyane aha hakurikira:
💡 Igisubizo: B — Mu ruhande ruteganye n’urwo ikindi kinyabiziga gihagazemo. Guhagarara akanya gato cyangwa kanini mu ruhande rw’ikindi kinyabiziga gifashe ahantu cyane cyane birabujijwe kuko bishobora guhagarika umuhanda.
11
Amatara ndangambere n’aya ndanganyuma y’imodoka zitarengeje m 6 z’uburebure na m 2 z’ubugari habariwemo imitwaro kandi nta kinyabiziga kindi kiziritseho ashobora gusimburwa n’amatara akurikira, iyo ibyo binyabiziga bihagaze umwanya muto cyangwa munini mu nsisiro bibangikanye ku ruhande rw’umuhanda:
💡 Igisubizo: C — Amatara yo guhagarara umwanya munini (parking lights). Ku modoka nto (< m 6 / < m 2) zifite amatara ndangambere na ndanganyuma, iyo zihagaraye mu nsisiro amatara yo guhagarara umwanya munini ashobora gusimbura amatara ndangambere na ndanganyuma.
12
Iyo kuva bwije kugeza bukeye cyangwa bitewe nuko ibihe bimeze bitagishoboka kubona neza muri m 200, imirongo y’ingabo z’igihugu zigendera kuri gahunda n’utundi dutsiko twose tw’abanyamaguru nk’imperekerane cyangwa udutsiko tw’abanyeshuri bayobowe na mwarimu, iyo bagenda mu muhanda ku isonga hakaba hari abantu barenze umwe, bagaragazwa ku buryo bukurikira:
💡 Igisubizo: A — Imbere ni itara ryera ritwariwe ku ruhande rw’ibumoso. Imbere y’umutsiko, umuntu w’imbere agomba gutwara itara ryera ku ruhande rw’ibumoso (side facing traffic) kugirango ibinyabiziga bibaboneho neza.
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Imizigo yikorewe n’amagare, velomoteri, amapikipiki, ibinyamitende by’ibiziga bitatu nibyo ibiziga bine bifite cyangwa bidafite moteri inyuma ntishobora kurenza ibipimo bikurikira:
💡 Igisubizo: C — cm 50. Imizigo yikorewe n’amagare, velomoteri, amapikipiki n’ibinyamitende by’ibiziga bitatu n’ibine ntishobora kurenza sentimetero 50 ku ruhande.
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Itara ndanganyuma rigomba gushyirwa aha hakurikira:
💡 Igisubizo: A — Ahagereye inguni y’ibumoso y’ikinyabiziga. Itara ndanganyuma (rear position lamp) rigomba gushyirwa hafi y’inguni y’ibumoso bw’ikinyabiziga inyuma kugirango rigaragarire neza ibinyabiziga biturutse inyuma.
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Nta tara na rimwe cyangwa utugarurarumuri bishobora kuba bifunze kuburyo igice cyabyo cyo hasi cyane kimurika kitaba kiri hasi ya cm 40 kuva ku butaka igihe ikinyabiziga kidapakiye ariko ibyo ntibikurikizwa ku matara akurikira:
💡 Igisubizo: C — A na B ni ibisubizo by’ukuri. Amatara kamenabihu (fog lights) n’amatara yo gusubira inyuma (reverse lights) yombi ntayakurikiza itegeko ryo kuba nibura cm 40 hejuru y’ubutaka.
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Iyo tumuritswe n’amatara y’urugendo y’ikinyabiziga utugarurarumuri tugomba n’ijoro, igihe ijuru rikeye, kubonwa n’umuyobozi w’ikinyabiziga kiri mu ntera ikurikira:
💡 Igisubizo: B — Metero 150. Iyo amatara y’urugendo yashye, utugarurarumuri (rear reflectors) tugomba kubonwa n’umuyobozi uri kure ku metero 150 nijoro igihe ijuru rikeye.
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Ibinyabiziga bigendeshwa na moteri, hatarimo velomoteri n’ibinyabiziga bidapakiye umuvuduko wabyo udashobora kurenga km 50 mu isaha ahateganye, bigomba kuba bifite ibikoresho by’ihoni byumvikanira mu ntera ikurikira:
💡 Igisubizo: C — Metero 100. Ibinyabiziga bigendeshwa na moteri (hatarimo velomoteri n’ibidapakiye bidashobora kurenga km 50) bigomba kugira ihoni yumvikanira nibura muri metero 100.
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Ahatari mu nsisiro ibyapa biburira n’ibyapa byo gutambuka mbere bigomba gushyirwa mu ntera ikurikira y’ahantu habyerekana:
💡 Igisubizo: A — Metero 150 kugeza kuri 200. Ahatari mu nsisiro, ibyapa biburira (warning signs) n’ibyapa byo gutambuka mbere (priority signs) bigomba gushyirwa mu ntera ya metero 150 kugeza 200 mbere y’ahantu habyerekana.
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Inkombe z’inzira nyabagendwa cyangwa z’umuhanda zishobora kugaragazwa n’ibikoresho ngarurarumuri. Ibyo bikoresho bigomba gushyirwaho ku buryo abagenzi babibona ku buryo bukurikira:
💡 Igisubizo: C — A na B ni ibisubizo by’ukuri. Ibikoresho ngarurarumuri by’inkombe z’umuhanda bigomba kugaragarira: iburyo ry’umuyobozi (ibara ritukura/icunga) kandi ibumoso (ibara ryera) — kugirango bisimburane neza ibinyabiziga biva impande zombi.
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Ahatari mu nsisiro, umuyobozi wese ugenza ikinyabiziga kimwe cyangwa ibinyabiziga bikomatanye bifite uburemere ntarengwa bwemewe burenga ibiro 3500 cyangwa bifite uburebure bwite burenga metero 10 agomba, keretse iyo anyuze cyangwa agiye kunyura ku bindi binyabiziga, gusiga hagati y’ikinyabiziga cye n’iki muri imbere umwanya uhagije. Ariko ibyo ntibikurikizwa mu bihe bikurikira:
💡 Igisubizo: A — Mu gihe ibigendera mu muhanda ari byinshi kimwe no mu duce tw’inzira nyabagendwa aho kunyuranaho bibujijwe. Itegeko ryo gusiga umwanya imbere ntirikusaba mu gihe umuhanda ufite ibinyabiziga byinshi cyangwa mu nzira aho kunyuranaho bibujijwe — uzi ko nta wunyura.
⚠️ Subiza ibibazo byose mbere yo gusuzuma!
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